• n. 官僚主義；官僚機構；官僚政治

bureau, 辦公室。cracy, 統治。

bureaucracy (n.)

1818, from French bureaucratie, coined by French economist Jean Claude Marie Vincent de Gournay (1712-1759) on model of democratie, aristocratie, from bureau "office," literally "desk" (see bureau) + Greek suffix -kratia denoting "power of" (see -cracy).

That vast net-work of administrative tyranny ... that system of bureaucracy, which leaves no free agent in all France, except for the man at Paris who pulls the wires. [J.S. Mill, "Westminster Review" XXVIII, 1837]

---

bureaucrat, &c. The formation is so barbarous that all attempt at self-respect in pronunciation may perhaps as well be abandoned. [Fowler]

1. People usually complain about having to deal with too much bureaucracy.

人們經常抱怨不得不應付太多的繁文縟節。

來自柯林斯例句

2. His firm must contend with the unwieldy Russian bureaucracy.

他的公司必須與俄羅斯龐大的官僚機構周旋。

來自柯林斯例句

3. They're making efforts to streamline their normally cumbersome bureaucracy.

他們正努力精簡本來繁冗復雜的官僚體制。

來自柯林斯例句

4. They are faced with a mountain of bureaucracy.

他們面對一大堆繁文縟節。

來自柯林斯例句

5. Bureaucracy can entangle ventures for months.

官僚體制會使風險投資擱置好幾個月。

來自柯林斯例句